Varicose veins are a common condition that can cause aching, heaviness, and visible swelling in the legs. For many people, the discomfort can interfere with daily activities and affect confidence, especially when standing or walking for long periods. While varicose veins are not usually dangerous, they can become painful if left untreated. This article explores simple and effective ways to relieve discomfort, support vein health, and know when to seek professional advice.
What are varicose veins and how do they cause pain?
Varicose veins develop when the valves inside the veins stop working properly, allowing blood to flow backward and pool in the legs. This extra pressure causes the veins to stretch, twist, and become more visible under the skin. They often appear blue or purple and can look raised or lumpy.
The build-up of blood in these veins leads to symptoms such as aching, throbbing, and a heavy feeling in the legs, particularly after long periods of standing or sitting. Some people may also notice swelling around the ankles or itching near the affected veins. Warm weather can make the discomfort worse as veins naturally widen in heat, increasing the feeling of heaviness or pain.
When to seek professional advice
Although mild varicose vein discomfort can often be managed with self-care, certain symptoms should be checked by a healthcare professional. Seeking advice early helps prevent complications and ensures the most suitable treatment plan is found. You should contact your GP or a vein specialist if you notice any of the following:
- Persistent pain or swelling that does not improve with rest or leg elevation
- Skin changes such as darkening, thickening, or dryness around the ankles
- Development of sores or ulcers on the lower legs
- Sudden increase in tenderness, redness, or hardness along a vein
- Bleeding from a varicose vein, even if it stops quickly
Conservative lifestyle and self-care measures to reduce pain
Elevate your legs regularly
Raising your legs above the level of your heart helps blood flow back towards the body and reduces pressure in the veins. Try doing this several times a day, especially after standing for long periods. Using a cushion or footstool while resting can make a noticeable difference to swelling and discomfort.
Keep moving
Avoid sitting or standing still for too long, as inactivity allows blood to pool in the legs. Walking, cycling, or gentle leg exercises help the calf muscles pump blood more efficiently through the veins. Even simple movements such as ankle rotations or calf raises at your desk can help ease aching and heaviness.
Maintain a healthy weight and balanced diet
Carrying excess weight increases pressure on the leg veins, which can worsen symptoms. A balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, and fibre supports overall circulation and helps prevent constipation, which can also strain the veins. Staying hydrated and limiting salty foods may reduce swelling in the lower legs.
Wear compression stockings
Compression stockings apply gentle pressure to the legs, supporting the veins and improving blood flow. They are available in different strengths and lengths, and it is best to seek advice from a pharmacist or healthcare professional to ensure a proper fit. Consistent use can help reduce aching, swelling, and fatigue in the legs.
Look after your skin and leg comfort
Dry or itchy skin around varicose veins can become irritated, so moisturising regularly helps maintain skin health. Cooler showers or gentle rinses with cool water may ease throbbing or burning sensations, especially after a warm day. Avoid tight clothing and high heels, as these can restrict circulation and make symptoms worse.
Medical and procedural options
When lifestyle measures are not enough to control symptoms, medical treatments can provide lasting relief by addressing the underlying cause of varicose veins. Treatment usually begins with an ultrasound assessment to identify which veins are affected and how blood is flowing through them.
There are several types of procedures available to treat varicose veins. Endothermal ablation uses heat from radiofrequency or laser energy to close off the faulty veins. Foam sclerotherapy involves injecting a medical foam into the vein, which causes it to seal shut and gradually fade as the body reabsorbs it. Surgical vein stripping or ligation may be considered for larger or more complex cases, although this is less common today thanks to newer, less invasive options.
At South West Veins, we specialise in minimally invasive foam sclerotherapy, a proven and effective treatment that can be carried out on a walk-in, walk-out basis. It offers excellent cosmetic and medical results without the need for general anaesthetic or hospital admission. You can learn more about this treatment and how it works on our varicose vein treatment page.
Want to learn more about foam sclerotherapy?
If you are living with painful or uncomfortable varicose veins, relief is possible. At South West Veins, we offer a free assessment and recommend the most effective treatment for you. Our friendly team will guide you through your options and help you take the first step towards healthier, more comfortable legs. Contact us for further information.
Jamie Barwell is a Consultant Vascular Surgeon who has treated over 1000 patients with varicose vein problems, using open surgical techniques and, since 2007, foam sclerotherapy. He is a graduate of Guy’s Hospital Medical School and a fellow of Royal College of Surgeons of England.